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Quantification of fossil fuel CO₂ emissions at fine space and time resolution is emerging as a critical need in carbon cycle and climate change research. As atmospheric CO₂ measurements expand with the advent of a dedicated remote sensing platform and denser in situ measurements, the ability to close the carbon budget at spatial scales of ∼100 km² and daily time scales requires fossil fuel CO₂ inventories at commensurate resolution. Additionally, the growing interest in U.S.

Based on a uniquely dense network of surface towers measuring continuously the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), we developed the first comprehensive monitoring systems of CO₂ emissions at high resolution over the city of Indianapolis. The urban inversion evaluated over the 2012–2013 dormant season showed a statistically significant increase of about 20% (from 4.5 to 5.7 MtC ± 0.23 MtC) compared to the Hestia CO₂ emission estimate, a state‐of‐the‐art building‐level emission product.

We present a gridded inventory of US anthropogenic methane emissions with 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution, monthly temporal resolution, and detailed scale-dependent error characterization. The inventory is designed to be consistent with the 2016 US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (GHGI) for 2012. The EPA inventory is available only as national totals for different source types.

Since 1992 semi-continuous in-situ observations of greenhouse gas concentrations have been performed at the tall tower of Cabauw (4.927^◦ E, 51.971^◦ N, −0.7 m a.s.l.). Through 1992 up to now, the measurement system has been gradually extended and improved in precision, starting with CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations from 200 m a.g.l. in 1992 to vertical gradients at 4 levels of the gases CO₂, CH₄, SF₆, N₂O, H₂, CO and gradients at 2 levels for 222Rn.

A network of three tall tower measurement stations was set up in 2012 across the United Kingdom to expand measurements made at the long-term background northern hemispheric site, Mace Head, Ireland. Reliable and precise in situ greenhouse gas (GHG) analysis systems were developed and deployed at three sites in the UK with automated instrumentation measuring a suite of GHGs. The UK Deriving Emissions linked to Climate Change (UK DECC) network uses tall (165–230 m) open-lattice telecommunications towers, which provide a convenient platform for boundary layer trace gas sampling.